Abstractphytoliths, the amorphous silica deposited in plant tissues, can occlude organic carbon. The rates of carbon biosequestration within silica phytoliths of the leaf litter of 10 economically important bamboo species indicates that a there is considerable variation in the content of carbon occluded within the phytoliths phytoc of the leaves between different bamboo species, b this variation does not appear to be directly related to the quantity of silica in the plant but. In that study, radiocarbon values were determined, but the structural composition of the occluded carbon was not. Intensive management increases phytolithoccluded carbon. Phylogenetic variation of phytolith carbon sequestration in. Forest phytoliths are stable for thousands of years 6,38. In this study, we explored the potential of c bio sequestration within phytoliths produced in cultivated rice oryza sativa, a well known silicon accumulator. Therefore, people who go on to research and study phytoliths will often have a heavy focus on ecology. Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dryfarming of crops in chinaj. This study indicates that the phytolith carbon sequestration depends not only on the efficiency and ability of c encapsulation by the phytoliths 6, but also on the quantity of phytoliths in moso. Enhancing phytolith carbon sequestration in rice ecosystems. A case study of china 4th international conference on geology and geoscience, dubai, uae 1. The results show that phytoc can be a substantial component of total organic carbon in soil. Cobenefits and ecosystem services created by soc sequestration list of tables 1.
It also in vestigates possible options for farmers and ranchers to have a positive impact on the changing climate and presents opportunities for becoming involved in the emerging carbon market. Potential of global cropland phytolith carbon sink from. Carbon sequestration, the longterm storage of carbon in plants, soils, geologic formations, and the ocean. Studies so far suggest that greater phytolith production does not compromise yield parr and sullivan 2005, and we propose that c sequestration as phytoliths in agricultural croplands and grasslands could double or triple by 2050 to give an additional sequestration of around 0. Global warming as a result of rapid increase in atmospheric co2 emission is significantly influencing worlds economy and human activities. Lithological control on phytolith carbon sequestration in. The objective of this article is to describe phytoliths, phytoc and their importance, phytoc content in plants, and the scope of carbon sequestration potential in agricultural systems across the world. Ruddiman estimated that the emission from landuse conversion during the postindustrial era i. I have worked on phytoliths for nearly 40 years and have seen the field grow remarkably in that time, but still many scientists, even plant scientists, have no idea. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of carbon bio sequestration within phytoliths produced by wetland plants. Storage and stability of phytoliths in soil profiles soil phytolith storage depends on plant phytolith input flux and soil stability of phytoliths. Relative to other forms of organic c, the phytoc produced in terrestrial plants is very stable and can accumulate in soil for thousands of years after plant litter decomposition 12,15,16. Topographic control on phytolith carbon sequestration in.
Bp amendment can significantly enhance flux of phytolith carbon sequestration in croplands by 150 %. Increased carbon dioxide concentration in the environment is currently a major problem. Cost of carbon sequestration by different techniques 5. For example, phytoliths derived from oats can hold 5. The rates of carbon bio sequestration within silica phytoliths of the leaf litter of 10 economically important bamboo species indicates that a there is considerable variation in the content of carbon occluded within the phytoliths phytoc of the leaves between different bamboo species, b this variation does not appear to be directly related to the quantity of silica in the plant but. The phytolith carbon sequestration concept nsfpar national. Phytolithoccluded carbon phytoc, a highly stable carbon c fraction resistant to decomposition, plays an important role in longterm global c sequestration.
Agriculture, climate change and carbon sequestration. Carbon biosequestration within the phytoliths of economic. Terrestrial carbon sequestration has a potential role in reducing the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 that is, in part, contributing to global warming. Carbon sequestration in forests congressional research service 2 for mitigating greenhouse gas emissionsand thus possible climate changeis to increase the amount of carbon stored in forests. Apr 16, 2014 recent researches report that during the formation of phytoliths, 1%6% organic carbon can be sequestered within the phytoliths, also called phytolithoccluded carbon phytoc 6, which plays. Soil carbon sequestration in phytoliths request pdf researchgate. Globally, phytolith formation has implications for the long. Nov 29, 2016 the data indicate that phytolith carbon sequestration in shrublands is a significant mechanism to mediate the increase of atmospheric co 2.
Gases that absorb infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Jun 11, 2014 this study indicates that the phytolith carbon sequestration depends not only on the efficiency and ability of c encapsulation by the phytoliths 6, but also on the quantity of phytoliths in moso. Frontiers the relative importance of cell wall and lumen. Biogeochemical sequestration of carbon within phytoliths of. Carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, have caused a substantial increase. Phytolith carbon sequestration in shrublands of north. Parr4, fengshan guo2 1zhejiang provincial key laboratory of c cycling in forest ecosystems and c sequestration, zhejiang agricultural and forestry university, linan, zhejiang, china, 2school. Request pdf soil carbon sequestration in phytoliths the role of the organic carbon occluded within phytoliths referred to in this text as.
The role of the organic carbon occluded within phytoliths referred to in this text as phytoc in carbon sequestration in some soils is examined. The rates of phytolith production and the longterm sequestration of carbon occluded in phytoliths varied according to the overlying plant community. Recently, the occlusion of carbon within phytoliths is considered to be one of the key important global biogeochemical c sequestration mechanisms. Sep 16, 20 phytoc is highly resistant against decomposition, and may accumulate in soil for several thousands of years after plant decomposition, demonstrating the potential of phytoliths in the longterm biogeochemical sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2. Contribution of phytolith c sink to global cropland c balance. In this study, we explored the potential of c biosequestration within phytoliths produced in cultivated rice oryza sativa, a well known silicon accumulator. Plant silicon content in forests of north china and its.
Carbon c biosequestration within the phytoliths of plants, a mechanism of longterm biogeochemical c sequestration, may play a major role in the global c cycle and climate change. Research article role of phytolith occluded carbon of crop. Topographic control on phytolith carbon sequestration in moso. The most important ghg are water vapor, carbon dioxide co 2, methane ch 4, nitrous oxide n 2 o, and ozone.
Lithological control on phytolith carbon sequestration in moso. Carbon c bio sequestration within the phytoliths of plants, a mechanism of longterm biogeochemical c sequestration, may play a major role in the global c cycle and climate change. Carbon sequestered in phytoliths, the silicified features of plants, may. Phytoliths and their importance phytoliths phyto means plant and lithos means rocks. Recent researches report that during the formation of phytoliths, 1%6% organic carbon can be sequestered within the phytoliths, also called phytolithoccluded carbon phytoc 6. New highlights of phytolith structure and occluded carbon location. Phytolith studies require an understanding of several disciplines at once. Soil carbon sequestration in phytoliths by jeffrey f. Phytolith carbon sequestration in shrublands of north china. The organic carbon content of phytoliths can be considerable. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of carbon biosequestration within phytoliths produced by. Phytoc is highly resistant to decomposition compared to other soil organic carbon components in the soil environments examined accounting for up to 82%.
Phytoliths are microscopic silica bodies that form inside tissues in living plants and, in doing so, occlude carbon into the silica. Soil carbon sequestration in phytoliths request pdf. Pdf role of phytolith occluded carbon of crop plants for enhancing. Carbon naturally moves, or cycles, between the atmosphere and vegetation, soils, and the oceans over time scales ranging from years to millennia and longer. Carbon sequestration in phytoliths is regarded as a highly stable carbon sink mechanism in terrestrial ecosystems to mitigate climate change. As an important longterm terrestrial carbon sequestration mechanism, biogeochemical sequestration of carbon within phytoliths may play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and climate change.
Phytolith occluded carbon and silica variability in wheat cultivars. Because the most stable longterm surface reservoir for carbon is the soil, changes in agriculture and forestry can potentially. Mechanisms and potential of terrestrial phytolith carbon sequestration. Impact of biological sequestration and carbon dioxide capture and storage over time at different co 2 prices 22 figures 1. Phytolith carbon sequestration is thought to be one of the key biogeochemical carbon sequestration mechanisms. The potential for carbon sequestration in the united states. Fish and wildlife service service recognized more than 15 years ago that bcs. Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry. They were also the first to suggest that carbon was occluded within phytoliths where it is protected from oxidation. As a longterm terrestrial carbon sequestration mechanism, phytolith carbon sequestration may play an important role in the global carbon cycle and climate change.
Phytolith c sequestration in global terrestrial biomes is 156. Parr and sullivan 2005 first suggested that the carbon occluded within phytoliths socalled phytoc might be significant in the global carbon cycle, and that sequestration within phytoliths. A major contributor to anthropogenic co 2 emission is burning of fossil fuels, but co 2 is also released to the atmosphere through processes such as. Occurrence, turnover and carbon sequestration potential of. Global warming mainly due to emissions of carbon dioxide co 2 and other greenhouse gases has initiated wide interest in the investigation of various land co 2 sequestration mechanisms. Mechanisms and potential of terrestrial phytolith carbon. Plantation management practices could markedly change the sequestration of phytolithoccluded carbon phytoc in plants and soils. The authors speculated there was a soil carbon source for the phytolith om based on radiocarbon results, and demonstrated a. Though the method is used primarily as a tool of archaeology and anthropology the study of humans in the past it does require a solid background in plant biology. The fluxes of carbon biosequestration within phytoliths of herbdominated fen plants range from 0. Phytolithoccluded carbon phytoc is a stable carbon c fraction that has effects on longterm global c balance. While this yields phytoliths as an important area of study regarding carbon sequestration, not all plant species produce analogous results. Cost of carbon sequestration using different techniques 2. However, little is known about the contribution of belowground parts of bamboo to the phytoc stock.
This publication provides an overview of the relationship between agriculture, climate change and carbon sequestration. Pdf phytolith accumulation in broadleaf and conifer. By comparing phytolith c sink data and the global cropland soil c balance during 19612100, the contribution of the phytolith c sink to the net global cropland c balance was estimated table 3. Abstractphytolith carbon c sequestration has been identified to be a relatively stable and efficacious mechanism to securely reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide co2 concentration. Vi the potential for carbon sequestration in the united states table a1. Previous studies have demonstrated that bamboo plants contribute greatly to phytoc sink in forests based on their aboveground biomass. Phytolith carbon sequestration in global terrestrial. The rates of carbon bio sequestration within silica phytoliths of the leaf litter of 10 economically important bamboo species indicates that a there is considerable variation in the content of. Dec 15, 2017 carbon occluded within phytolith is a stable biogeochemical c sink mechanism. The potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in chinas shrublands may be further enhanced by adaptive management of shrublands, such as conservation of plant species with high phytoc production flux. To unravel the role of forest composition on phytolith production. Potential of global cropland phytolith carbon sink from optimization of cropping system and fertilization zhaoliang song1,2,3, jeffrey f. In this study, we sampled the mature leaves, leaf litter and.
Carbon sequestration, and the extent to which it can be counted as a reduction in a nations carbon. Phytolith accumulation in broadleaf and conifer forests of. Estimates of the amount of carbon that would be sequestered annually through afforestation in the united states at different co 2 prices 7 2. Cumulative avoided emissions from landuse conversion 4. However, for moso bamboo phyllostachys pubescens plantations, the effect of intensive plantation management including fertilization, tillage, and removal of understory vegetation on the accretion rate of phytoc in the soilplant system is much less understood. A brief history of carbon sequestration in phytoliths. Outline 2 storage and stability of phytoliths in soil profiles 4 phytolith c sequestration in ecosystems of china 3. Since nature has significantly occluded carbon by burying it into the soil for millions of years in the form of fossil phytoliths, this can serve as a probable method of carbon biosequestration. Global warming as a result of rapid increase in atmospheric co 2 emission is significantly influencing worlds economy and human activities. Encapsulation and sequestration of a longlived carbon fraction. In response to concerns about climate change resulting from increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, interest has been drawn to geoengineering techniques such as carbon capture and storage. Biological carbon sequestration accomplishments report.
Phytolith carbon sequestration is thought to be one of the key biogeochemical carbon. Biogeochemical sequestration of carbon within phytoliths. Carbon c occlusion within phytoliths phytoc has a significant potential for longterm c sequestration in forest ecosystems. Motivated by rapid increases in global emissions of carbon dioxide co 2, many scientists have recently focused on terrestrial carbon c sequestration heimann and reichstein, 2008, pan et al. Phytolith carbon sequestration in global terrestrial biomes. Potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in moso bamboo.
1598 833 558 1061 1178 715 1163 721 845 109 1342 1334 1291 1469 921 309 1533 1486 450 959 28 1519 902 1293 600 1310 508 1368 1209 528 1257